Optical data manipulation for skew and growth compensation

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods for extracting information from a scanned item having a plurality of regularly spaced row marks along at least part of a length of the scanned item are disclosed herein. The system can include a line scan camera that can generate a line of pixels of a portion of the scanned item in an imaging area; a feed device coupled to the line scan camera; and a timing circuit. The feed device can move at least a portion of the scanned item through the imaging area, and the timing circuit can provide a plurality of capture signals to the line scan camera. The timing circuit can vary a time interval between capture signals based on a number of pixels between adjacent row marks along at least a portion of the length of the scanned item.

BACKGROUND

This application relates to the field of optical mark recognition.

Optical mark recognition (also called optical mark reading and OMR) isthe process of capturing human-marked data from document forms such assurveys and tests. Many traditional OMR devices work with a dedicatedscanner device that shines a beam of light onto the form paper. Thecontrasting reflectivity at predetermined positions on a page is thenused to detect these marked areas because they reflect less light thanthe blank areas of the paper.

Many OMR devices use a digital camera. A digital camera is a camera thatencodes images and videos digitally and stores them for laterreproduction. Specifically, many OMR devices use line-scan cameras,which are a subset of digital cameras. A line-scan camera traditionallyhas a single row of pixel sensors, instead of a matrix of them. Thelines are continuously fed to a computer that joins them to each otherand makes an image. This is most commonly done by connecting the cameraoutput to a frame grabber which resides in an expansion slot of anindustrial computer. The frame grabber acts to buffer the image andsometimes provide some processing before delivering to the computersoftware for processing.

While line-scan cameras are functional in OMR devices, there areproblems arising from the use of OMR devices. Accordingly, furtherdevelopments to OMR device and/or to line-scan cameras, or the controlthereof, are desired.

BRIEF SUMMARY

One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a system for extractinginformation from a scanned item. This scanned item can include aplurality of regularly spaced row marks along at least part of a lengthof the scanned item. The system includes: a line scan camera that cangenerate a line of pixels of a portion of the scanned item in an imagingarea; a feed device coupled to the line scan camera and that can move atleast a portion of the scanned item through the imaging area; and atiming circuit coupled to the line scan camera. In some embodiments, thetiming circuit can provide a plurality of capture signals to the linescan camera. In some embodiments, the timing circuit can vary a timeinterval between capture signals based on a number of pixels betweenadjacent row marks along at least a portion of the length of the scanneditem.

In some embodiments, the timing circuit can: receive successive lines ofpixels from the line scan camera in response to the providing of theplurality of capture signals; and identify row marks from the successivelines of pixels. In some embodiments, each of the lines of pixels isgenerated from a different portion of the object in the imaging. In someembodiments, the timing circuit can determine the number of pixelsbetween row marks. In some embodiments, the row marks are adjacent alongthe length of the scanned item. In some embodiments, determining thenumber of pixels between row marks includes: identifying a first rowmark; starting a counter that tracks the number of pixels betweenadjacent row marks; identifying a second row mark; and stopping thecounter.

In some embodiments, the counter is incremented when a line of pixels isreceived that does not include the second row mark. In some embodiments,the timing circuit can generate a delta value, which delta value is thedifference between ideal spacing data and a count value identifying thenumber of pixels between adjacent row marks. In some embodiments, theideal spacing data is specific to the scanned item.

In some embodiments, the timing circuit can: compare the delta value toan update threshold; adjust a variable component when the delta valueexceeds the update threshold; and generate a divisor based on thevariable component. In some embodiments, the timing circuit can: receivea clock signal from a clock; generate a line rate from the clock signaland the divisor; and send a capture signal based on the line rate. Insome embodiments, the line rate decreases when the number of pixelsbetween adjacent row marks is too large. In some embodiments, the linerate increases when the number of pixels between adjacent row marks istoo small.

One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for extractinginformation from a scanned item. The scanned item can include aplurality of regularly spaced row marks along at least part of a lengthof the scanned item. The method includes: sequentially generating aplurality of capture signal with a timing circuit; sequentially sendingthe plurality of capture signals to a line scan camera; receiving fromthe line scan camera a plurality of lines of pixels of portions of thescanned item moving through an imaging area in response to the sendingof the plurality of capture signals; determining a number of pixelsbetween adjacent row marks along at least a portion of the length of thescanned item; and varying the frequency of the sending of capturesignals based on the number of pixels between adjacent row marks alongat least a portion of the length of the scanned item.

In some embodiments, the method includes identifying row marks in thereceived plurality of lines of pixels. In some embodiments, the methodincludes determining the number of pixels between row marks, which rowmarks are adjacent along the length of the scanned item. In someembodiments, determining the number of pixels between row marksincludes: identifying a first row mark; starting a counter that tracksthe number of pixels between adjacent row marks; identifying a secondrow mark; and stopping the counter.

In some embodiments, the method includes incrementing the counter when aline of pixels is received that does not include the second row mark. Insome embodiments, the method includes generating a delta value that isthe difference between ideal spacing data and a count value identifyingthe number of pixels between adjacent row marks. In some embodiments,the method includes: comparing the delta value to an update threshold;adjusting a variable component when the delta value exceeds the updatethreshold; and generating a divisor based on the variable component.

In some embodiments, the method includes: receiving a clock signal froma clock; generating a line rate from the clock signal and the divisor;and sending a capture signal based on the line rate. In someembodiments, the line rate decreases when the number of pixels betweenadjacent row marks is too large, and in some embodiments the line rateincreases when the number of pixels between adjacent row marks is toosmall.

One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a system forcompensating for growth in a scanned item including a plurality of rowmarks including a first group of row marks and a second group of rowmarks. In some embodiments, the row marks are regularly spaced along atleast part of a length of the scanned item. The system includes: a linescan camera that can generate a line of pixels of a portion of thescanned item in an imaging area; a control unit communicatingly coupledto the line scan camera; and a feed device coupled to the line scancamera. In some embodiments, the feed device can move at least a portionof the scanned item through the imaging area. In some embodiments, thecontrol unit can: identify one of a first group of row marks, whichfirst group of row marks is located along a first side of the scanneditem; identify one of a second group of row marks, which second group ofrow marks is located along a second side of the scanned item; andgenerate corrected response area positions based on the identified oneof the first group of row marks and the identified one of the secondgroup of row marks.

In some embodiments, the control unit can determine the distance betweenthe identified one of the first group of row marks and the identifiedone of the second group of row marks. In some embodiments, the distancebetween the identified one of the first group of row marks and theidentified one of the second group of row marks can be the number ofpixels between the identified one of the first group of row marks andthe identified one of the second group of row marks.

In some embodiments, the control unit can: retrieve a standard countvalue, which standard count value defines an expected distance betweenthe identified one of the first group of row marks and the identifiedone of the second group of row marks; and compare the number of pixelsbetween the identified one of the first group of row marks and theidentified one of the second group of row marks to the standard countvalue. In some embodiments, the control unit can generate an error valuebased on the comparison of the number of pixels between the identifiedone of the first group of row marks and the identified one of the secondgroup of row marks to the standard count value.

In some embodiments, generating corrected response area positionsincludes: retrieving standard response area positions; and applying theerror value to the standard response area positions. In someembodiments, the control unit can identify at least one response in atleast one of the corrected response area positions. In some embodiments,the system includes a server communicatingly connected to the line scancamera. The server can: to receive lines of pixels from the line scancamera; and generate image data with the received lines of pixels. Insome embodiments, the image data can be the combination of multiplelines of pixels into a single image.

In some embodiments, the system includes a scan database that can:receive the image data from the server; and store the received imagedata. In some embodiments, identifying one of the first group of rowmarks includes identifying a first contiguous group of pixels in atleast two consecutive lines of pixels. In some embodiments, the firstcontiguous group of pixels: is located in a specified first portion ofthe pixels in each of the at least two consecutive lines of pixels; andincludes a specified number of pixels in each of the at least twoconsecutive lines of pixels. In some embodiments, identifying one of thesecond group of row marks includes identifying a second contiguous groupof pixels in at least two consecutive lines of pixels. In someembodiments, the second contiguous group of pixels: is located in aspecified second portion of the pixels in each of the at least twoconsecutive lines of pixels; and includes a specified number of pixelsin each of the at least two consecutive lines of pixels.

One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method forcompensating for growth in a scanned item. The scanned item includes aplurality of row marks including a first group of row marks and a secondgroup of row marks. The row marks can be regularly spaced along at leastpart of a length of the scanned item. The method includes: moving atleast a portion of the scanned item through an imaging area of a linescan camera with a feed device coupled to the line scan camera;repeatedly generating a set of line data of the portion of the scanneditem in the imaging area with the line scan camera, which set of linedata includes a line of pixels, and which portion of the scanned itemfrom which the set of line data is generated changes with the movementof the portion of the scanned item through the imaging area; identifyingone of a first group of row marks with a control unit, which first groupof row marks is located along a first side of the scanned item;identifying one of a second group of row marks with the control unit,which second group of row marks is located along a second side of thescanned item; and generating corrected response area positions based onthe identified one of the first group of row marks and the identifiedone of the second group of row marks.

In some embodiments, the method includes determining the distancebetween the identified one of the first group of row marks and theidentified one of the second group of row marks with the control unit.In some embodiments, the distance between the identified one of thefirst group of row marks and the identified one of the second group ofrow marks can be the number of pixels between the identified one of thefirst group of row marks and the identified one of the second group ofrow marks.

In some embodiments, the method includes: retrieving a standard countvalue, which standard count value defines an expected distance betweenthe identified one of the first group of row marks and the identifiedone of the second group of row marks; and comparing the number of pixelsbetween the identified one of the first group of row marks and theidentified one of the second group of row marks to the standard countvalue.

In some embodiments, the method includes generating an error value basedon the comparison of the number of pixels between the identified one ofthe first group of row marks and the identified one of the second groupof row marks to the standard count value. In some embodiments,generating corrected response area positions includes: retrievingstandard response area positions; and applying the error value to thestandard response area positions. In some embodiments, the methodincludes identifying at least one response in at least one of thecorrected response area positions. In some embodiments, identifying oneof the first group of row marks includes identifying a first contiguousgroup of pixels in at least two consecutive lines of pixels. In someembodiments, the first contiguous group of pixels: is located in aspecified first portion of the pixels in each of the at least twoconsecutive lines of pixels; and includes a specified number of pixelsin each of the at least two consecutive lines of pixels.

Further areas of applicability of the present disclosure will becomeapparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It shouldbe understood that the detailed description and specific examples, whileindicating various embodiments, are intended for purposes ofillustration only and are not intended to necessarily limit the scope ofthe disclosure

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing illustrating an example of a contentdistribution network.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a computer server and computingenvironment within a content distribution network.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of one or more datastore servers within a content distribution network.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of one or morecontent management servers within a content distribution network.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating the physical and logicalcomponents of a special-purpose computer device within a contentdistribution network.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of thecommunication network.

FIG. 7A is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of scanner.

FIG. 7B is a flowchart illustrating one embodiment of a process forcontrolling the camera of the scanner.

FIG. 8 is a depiction of one embodiment of a scanned item.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating one embodiment of a process forgrowth compensation of a scanned item.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating one embodiment of a process for skewcompensation of a scanned item.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating one embodiment of a process forimager exposure rate control.

In the appended figures, similar components and/or features may have thesame reference label. Further, various components of the same type maybe distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a secondlabel that distinguishes among the similar components. If only the firstreference label is used in the specification, the description isapplicable to any one of the similar components having the same firstreference label irrespective of the second reference label.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The ensuing description provides illustrative embodiment(s) only and isnot intended to limit the scope, applicability or configuration of thedisclosure. Rather, the ensuing description of the illustrativeembodiment(s) will provide those skilled in the art with an enablingdescription for implementing a preferred exemplary embodiment. It isunderstood that various changes can be made in the function andarrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope asset forth in the appended claims.

With reference now to FIG. 1, a block diagram is shown illustratingvarious components of a content distribution network (CDN) 100 whichimplements and supports certain embodiments and features describedherein. Content distribution network 100 may include one or more contentmanagement servers 102. As discussed below in more detail, contentmanagement servers 102 may be any desired type of server including, forexample, a rack server, a tower server, a miniature server, a bladeserver, a mini rack server, a mobile server, an ultra-dense server, asuper server, or the like, and may include various hardware components,for example, a motherboard, a processing units, memory systems, harddrives, network interfaces, power supplies, etc. Content managementserver 102 may include one or more server farms, clusters, or any otherappropriate arrangement and/or combination or computer servers. Contentmanagement server 102 may act according to stored instructions locatedin a memory subsystem of the server 102, and may run an operatingsystem, including any commercially available server operating systemand/or any other operating systems discussed herein.

The content distribution network 100 may include one or more data storeservers 104, such as database servers and file-based storage systems.The database servers 104 can access data that can be stored on a varietyof hardware components. These hardware components can include, forexample, components forming tier 0 storage, components forming tier 1storage, components forming tier 2 storage, and/or any other tier ofstorage. In some embodiments, tier 0 storage refers to storage that isthe fastest tier of storage in the database server 104, andparticularly, the tier 0 storage is the fastest storage that is not RAMor cache memory. In some embodiments, the tier 0 memory can be embodiedin solid state memory such as, for example, a solid-state drive (SSD)and/or flash memory.

In some embodiments, the tier 1 storage refers to storage that is one orseveral higher performing systems in the memory management system, andthat is relatively slower than tier 0 memory, and relatively faster thanother tiers of memory. The tier 1 memory can be one or several harddisks that can be, for example, high-performance hard disks. These harddisks can be one or both of physically or communicatingly connected suchas, for example, by one or several fiber channels. In some embodiments,the one or several disks can be arranged into a disk storage system, andspecifically can be arranged into an enterprise class disk storagesystem. The disk storage system can include any desired level ofredundancy to protect data stored therein, and in one embodiment, thedisk storage system can be made with grid architecture that createsparallelism for uniform allocation of system resources and balanced datadistribution.

In some embodiments, the tier 2 storage refers to storage that includesone or several relatively lower performing systems in the memorymanagement system, as compared to the tier 1 and tier 2 storages. Thus,tier 2 memory is relatively slower than tier 1 and tier 0 memories. Tier2 memory can include one or several SATA-drives or one or severalNL-SATA drives.

In some embodiments, the one or several hardware and/or softwarecomponents of the database server 104 can be arranged into one orseveral storage area networks (SAN), which one or several storage areanetworks can be one or several dedicated networks that provide access todata storage, and particularly that provides access to consolidated,block level data storage. A SAN typically has its own network of storagedevices that are generally not accessible through the local area network(LAN) by other devices. The SAN allows access to these devices in amanner such that these devices appear to be locally attached to the userdevice.

Data stores 104 may comprise stored data relevant to the functions ofthe content distribution network 100. Illustrative examples of datastores 104 that may be maintained in certain embodiments of the contentdistribution network 100 are described below in reference to FIG. 3. Insome embodiments, multiple data stores may reside on a single server104, either using the same storage components of server 104 or usingdifferent physical storage components to assure data security andintegrity between data stores. In other embodiments, each data store mayhave a separate dedicated data store server 104.

Content distribution network 100 also may include one or more userdevices 106 and/or supervisor devices 110. User devices 106 andsupervisor devices 110 may display content received via the contentdistribution network 100, and may support various types of userinteractions with the content. User devices 106 and supervisor devices110 may include mobile devices such as smartphones, tablet computers,personal digital assistants, and wearable computing devices. Such mobiledevices may run a variety of mobile operating systems, and may beenabled for Internet, e-mail, short message service (SMS), Bluetooth®,mobile radio-frequency identification (M-RFID), and/or othercommunication protocols. Other user devices 106 and supervisor devices110 may be general purpose personal computers or special-purposecomputing devices including, by way of example, personal computers,laptop computers, workstation computers, projection devices, andinteractive room display systems. Additionally, user devices 106 andsupervisor devices 110 may be any other electronic devices, such as athin-client computers, an Internet-enabled gaming systems, business orhome appliances, and/or a personal messaging devices, capable ofcommunicating over network(s) 120.

In different contexts of content distribution networks 100, user devices106 and supervisor devices 110 may correspond to different types ofspecialized devices, for example, student devices and teacher devices inan educational network, employee devices and presentation devices in acompany network, different gaming devices in a gaming network, etc. Insome embodiments, user devices 106 and supervisor devices 110 mayoperate in the same physical location 107, such as a classroom orconference room. In such cases, the devices may contain components thatsupport direct communications with other nearby devices, such as awireless transceivers and wireless communications interfaces, Ethernetsockets or other Local Area Network (LAN) interfaces, etc. In otherimplementations, the user devices 106 and supervisor devices 110 neednot be used at the same location 107, but may be used in remotegeographic locations in which each user device 106 and supervisor device110 may use security features and/or specialized hardware (e.g.,hardware-accelerated SSL and HTTPS, WS-Security, firewalls, etc.) tocommunicate with the content management server 102 and/or other remotelylocated user devices 106. Additionally, different user devices 106 andsupervisor devices 110 may be assigned different designated roles, suchas presenter devices, teacher devices, administrator devices, or thelike, and in such cases the different devices may be provided withadditional hardware and/or software components to provide content andsupport user capabilities not available to the other devices.

The content distribution network 100 also may include a privacy server108 that maintains private user information at the privacy server 108while using applications or services hosted on other servers. Forexample, the privacy server 108 may be used to maintain private data ofa user within one jurisdiction even though the user is accessing anapplication hosted on a server (e.g., the content management server 102)located outside the jurisdiction. In such cases, the privacy server 108may intercept communications between a user device 106 or supervisordevice 110 and other devices that include private user information. Theprivacy server 108 may create a token or identifier that does notdisclose the private information and may use the token or identifierwhen communicating with the other servers and systems, instead of usingthe user's private information.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, the content management server 102 may be incommunication with one or more additional servers, such as a contentserver 112, a user data server 112, and/or an administrator server 116.Each of these servers may include some or all of the same physical andlogical components as the content management server(s) 102, and in somecases, the hardware and software components of these servers 112-116 maybe incorporated into the content management server(s) 102, rather thanbeing implemented as separate computer servers.

Content server 112 may include hardware and software components togenerate, store, and maintain the content resources for distribution touser devices 106 and other devices in the network 100. For example, incontent distribution networks 100 used for professional training andeducational purposes, content server 112 may include data stores oftraining materials, presentations, plans, syllabi, reviews, evaluations,interactive programs and simulations, course models, course outlines,and various training interfaces that correspond to different materialsand/or different types of user devices 106. In content distributionnetworks 100 used for media distribution, interactive gaming, and thelike, a content server 112 may include media content files such asmusic, movies, television programming, games, and advertisements.

User data server 114 may include hardware and software components thatstore and process data for multiple users relating to each user'sactivities and usage of the content distribution network 100. Forexample, the content management server 102 may record and track eachuser's system usage, including their user device 106, content resourcesaccessed, and interactions with other user devices 106. This data may bestored and processed by the user data server 114, to support usertracking and analysis features. For instance, in the professionaltraining and educational contexts, the user data server 114 may storeand analyze each user's training materials viewed, presentationsattended, courses completed, interactions, evaluation results, and thelike. The user data server 114 may also include a repository foruser-generated material, such as evaluations and tests completed byusers, and documents and assignments prepared by users. In the contextof media distribution and interactive gaming, the user data server 114may store and process resource access data for multiple users (e.g.,content titles accessed, access times, data usage amounts, gaminghistories, user devices and device types, etc.).

Administrator server 116 may include hardware and software components toinitiate various administrative functions at the content managementserver 102 and other components within the content distribution network100. For example, the administrator server 116 may monitor device statusand performance for the various servers, data stores, and/or userdevices 106 in the content distribution network 100. When necessary, theadministrator server 116 may add or remove devices from the network 100,and perform device maintenance such as providing software updates to thedevices in the network 100. Various administrative tools on theadministrator server 116 may allow authorized users to set user accesspermissions to various content resources, monitor resource usage byusers and devices 106, and perform analyses and generate reports onspecific network users and/or devices (e.g., resource usage trackingreports, training evaluations, etc.).

The content distribution network 100 may include one or morecommunication networks 120. Although only a single network 120 isidentified in FIG. 1, the content distribution network 100 may includeany number of different communication networks between any of thecomputer servers and devices shown in FIG. 1 and/or other devicesdescribed herein. Communication networks 120 may enable communicationbetween the various computing devices, servers, and other components ofthe content distribution network 100. As discussed below, variousimplementations of content distribution networks 100 may employdifferent types of networks 120, for example, computer networks,telecommunications networks, wireless networks, and/or any combinationof these and/or other networks.

The content distribution network 100 can include a scanner 124. Thescanner 124 can be any imaging system that can optically acquire one orseveral pieces of data. In some embodiments, these pieces of data can bein the form of one or several pixels captured by a camera that can be,for example, a digital camera. In some embodiments, the digital cameracan output a single row of pixels (a line-scan camera), and in someembodiments, the digital camera can output an array of pixels (anarea-scan camera). In some embodiments, the scanner 124 can beconfigured for use in optical character recognition (OCR) or opticalmark recognition (OMR).

With reference to FIG. 2, an illustrative distributed computingenvironment 200 is shown including a computer server 202, four clientcomputing devices 206, and other components that may implement certainembodiments and features described herein. In some embodiments, theserver 202 may correspond to the content management server 102 discussedabove in FIG. 1, and the client computing devices 206 may correspond tothe user devices 106. However, the computing environment 200 illustratedin FIG. 2 may correspond to any other combination of devices and serversconfigured to implement a client-server model or other distributedcomputing architecture.

Client devices 206 may be configured to receive and execute clientapplications over one or more networks 220. Such client applications maybe web browser based applications and/or standalone softwareapplications, such as mobile device applications. Server 202 may becommunicatively coupled with the client devices 206 via one or morecommunication networks 220. Client devices 206 may receive clientapplications from server 202 or from other application providers (e.g.,public or private application stores). Server 202 may be configured torun one or more server software applications or services, for example,web-based or cloud-based services, to support content distribution andinteraction with client devices 206. Users operating client devices 206may in turn utilize one or more client applications (e.g., virtualclient applications) to interact with server 202 to utilize the servicesprovided by these components.

Various different subsystems and/or components 204 may be implemented onserver 202. Users operating the client devices 206 may initiate one ormore client applications to use services provided by these subsystemsand components. The subsystems and components within the server 202 andclient devices 206 may be implemented in hardware, firmware, software,or combinations thereof. Various different system configurations arepossible in different distributed computing systems 200 and contentdistribution networks 100. The embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is thus oneexample of a distributed computing system and is not intended to belimiting.

Although exemplary computing environment 200 is shown with four clientcomputing devices 206, any number of client computing devices may besupported. Other devices, such as specialized sensor devices, etc., mayinteract with client devices 206 and/or server 202.

As shown in FIG. 2, various security and integration components 208 maybe used to send and manage communications between the server 202 anduser devices 206 over one or more communication networks 220. Thesecurity and integration components 208 may include separate servers,such as web servers and/or authentication servers, and/or specializednetworking components, such as firewalls, routers, gateways, loadbalancers, and the like. In some cases, the security and integrationcomponents 208 may correspond to a set of dedicated hardware and/orsoftware operating at the same physical location and under the controlof same entities as server 202. For example, components 208 may includeone or more dedicated web servers and network hardware in a datacenteror a cloud infrastructure. In other examples, the security andintegration components 208 may correspond to separate hardware andsoftware components which may be operated at a separate physicallocation and/or by a separate entity.

Security and integration components 208 may implement various securityfeatures for data transmission and storage, such as authenticating usersand restricting access to unknown or unauthorized users. In variousimplementations, security and integration components 208 may provide,for example, a file-based integration scheme or a service-basedintegration scheme for transmitting data between the various devices inthe content distribution network 100. Security and integrationcomponents 208 also may use secure data transmission protocols and/orencryption for data transfers, for example, File Transfer Protocol(FTP), Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP), and/or Pretty Good Privacy(PGP) encryption.

In some embodiments, one or more web services may be implemented withinthe security and integration components 208 and/or elsewhere within thecontent distribution network 100. Such web services, includingcross-domain and/or cross-platform web services, may be developed forenterprise use in accordance with various web service standards, such asRESTful web services (i.e., services based on the Representation StateTransfer (REST) architectural style and constraints), and/or webservices designed in accordance with the Web Service Interoperability(WS-I) guidelines. Some web services may use the Secure Sockets Layer(SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol to provide secureconnections between the server 202 and user devices 206. SSL or TLS mayuse HTTP or HTTPS to provide authentication and confidentiality. Inother examples, web services may be implemented using REST over HTTPSwith the OAuth open standard for authentication, or using theWS-Security standard which provides for secure SOAP messages using XMLencryption. In other examples, the security and integration components208 may include specialized hardware for providing secure web services.For example, security and integration components 208 may include securenetwork appliances having built-in features such as hardware-acceleratedSSL and HTTPS, WS-Security, and firewalls. Such specialized hardware maybe installed and configured in front of any web servers, so that anyexternal devices may communicate directly with the specialized hardware.

Communication network(s) 220 may be any type of network familiar tothose skilled in the art that can support data communications using anyof a variety of commercially-available protocols, including withoutlimitation, TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/Internet protocol),SNA (systems network architecture), IPX (Internet packet exchange),Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocols,Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Secure Hyper Text TransferProtocol (HTTPS), Bluetooth®, Near Field Communication (NFC), and thelike. Merely by way of example, network(s) 220 may be local areanetworks (LAN), such as one based on Ethernet, Token-Ring and/or thelike. Network(s) 220 also may be wide-area networks, such as theInternet. Networks 220 may include telecommunication networks such as apublic switched telephone networks (PSTNs), or virtual networks such asan intranet or an extranet. Infrared and wireless networks (e.g., usingthe Institute of Electrical and Electronics (IEEE) 802.11 protocol suiteor other wireless protocols) also may be included in networks 220.

Computing environment 200 also may include one or more data stores 210and/or back-end servers 212. In certain examples, the data stores 210may correspond to data store server(s) 104 discussed above in FIG. 1,and back-end servers 212 may correspond to the various back-end servers112-116. Data stores 210 and servers 212 may reside in the samedatacenter or may operate at a remote location from server 202. In somecases, one or more data stores 210 may reside on a non-transitorystorage medium within the server 202. Other data stores 210 and back-endservers 212 may be remote from server 202 and configured to communicatewith server 202 via one or more networks 220. In certain embodiments,data stores 210 and back-end servers 212 may reside in a storage-areanetwork (SAN), or may use storage-as-a-service (STaaS) architecturalmodel.

With reference to FIG. 3, an illustrative set of data stores and/or datastore servers is shown, corresponding to the data store servers 104 ofthe content distribution network 100 discussed above in FIG. 1. One ormore individual data stores 301-313 may reside in storage on a singlecomputer server 104 (or a single server farm or cluster) under thecontrol of a single entity, or may reside on separate servers operatedby different entities and/or at remote locations. In some embodiments,data stores 301-313 may be accessed by the content management server 102and/or other devices and servers within the network 100 (e.g., userdevices 106, supervisor devices 110, administrator servers 116, etc.).Access to one or more of the data stores 301-313 may be limited ordenied based on the processes, user credentials, and/or devicesattempting to interact with the data store.

The paragraphs below describe examples of specific data stores that maybe implemented within some embodiments of a content distribution network100. It should be understood that the below descriptions of data stores301-313, including their functionality and types of data stored therein,are illustrative and non-limiting. Data stores server architecture,design, and the execution of specific data stores 301-313 may depend onthe context, size, and functional requirements of a content distributionnetwork 100. For example, in content distribution systems 100 used forprofessional training and educational purposes, separate databases orfile-based storage systems may be implemented in data store server(s)104 to store trainee and/or student data, trainer and/or professor data,training module data and content descriptions, training results,evaluation data, and the like. In contrast, in content distributionsystems 100 used for media distribution from content providers tosubscribers, separate data stores may be implemented in data storesserver(s) 104 to store listings of available content titles anddescriptions, content title usage statistics, subscriber profiles,account data, payment data, network usage statistics, etc.

A user profile data store 301, also referred to herein as a user profiledatabase 301, may include information relating to the end users withinthe content distribution network 100. This information may include usercharacteristics such as the user names, access credentials (e.g., loginsand passwords), user preferences, and information relating to anyprevious user interactions within the content distribution network 100(e.g., requested content, posted content, content modules completed,training scores or evaluations, other associated users, etc.). In someembodiments, this information can relate to one or several individualend users such as, for example, one or several students, teachers,administrators, or the like, and in some embodiments, this informationcan relate to one or several institutional end users such as, forexample, one or several schools, groups of schools such as one orseveral school districts, one or several colleges, one or severaluniversities, one or several training providers, or the like. In someembodiments, this information can identify one or several usermemberships in one or several groups such as, for example, a student'smembership in a university, school, program, grade, course, class, orthe like.

In some embodiments in which the one or several end users areindividuals, and specifically are students, the user profile database301 can further include information relating to these students' academicand/or educational history. This information can identify one or severalcourses of study that the student has initiated, completed, and/orpartially completed, as well as grades received in those courses ofstudy. In some embodiments, the student's academic and/or educationalhistory can further include information identifying student performanceon one or several tests, quizzes, and/or assignments. In someembodiments, this information can be stored in a tier of memory that isnot the fastest memory in the content delivery network 100.

The user profile database 301 can include information relating to one orseveral student learning preferences. In some embodiments, for example,the student may have one or several preferred learning styles, one orseveral most effective learning styles, and/or the like. In someembodiments, the students learning style can be any learning styledescribing how the student best learns or how the student prefers tolearn. In one embodiment, these learning styles can include, forexample, identification of the student as an auditory learner, as avisual learner, and/or as a tactile learner. In some embodiments, thedata identifying one or several student learning styles can include dataidentifying a learning style based on the student's educational historysuch as, for example, identifying a student as an auditory learner whenthe student has received significantly higher grades and/or scores onassignments and/or in courses favorable to auditory learners. In someembodiments, this information can be stored in a tier of memory that isnot the fastest memory in the content delivery network 100.

The user profile database 301 can further include information relatingto one or several teachers and/or instructors who are responsible fororganizing, presenting, and/or managing the presentation of informationto the student. In some embodiments, user profile database 301 caninclude information identifying courses and/or subjects that have beentaught by the teacher, data identifying courses and/or subjectscurrently taught by the teacher, and/or data identifying courses and/orsubjects that will be taught by the teacher. In some embodiments, thiscan include information relating to one or several teaching styles ofone or several teachers. In some embodiments, the user profile database301 can further include information indicating past evaluations and/orevaluation reports received by the teacher. In some embodiments, theuser profile database 301 can further include information relating toimprovement suggestions received by the teacher, training received bythe teacher, continuing education received by the teacher, and/or thelike. In some embodiments, this information can be stored in a tier ofmemory that is not the fastest memory in the content delivery network100.

An accounts data store 302, also referred to herein as an accountsdatabase 302, may generate and store account data for different users invarious roles within the content distribution network 100. For example,accounts may be created in an accounts data store 302 for individual endusers, supervisors, administrator users, and entities such as companiesor educational institutions. Account data may include account types,current account status, account characteristics, and any parameters,limits, restrictions associated with the accounts.

A content library data store 303, also referred to herein as a contentlibrary database 303, may include information describing the individualcontent items (or content resources) available via the contentdistribution network 100. In some embodiments, the library data store303 may include metadata, properties, and other characteristicsassociated with the content resources stored in the content server 112.Such data may identify one or more aspects or content attributes of theassociated content resources, for example, subject matter, access level,or skill level of the content resources, license attributes of thecontent resources (e.g., any limitations and/or restrictions on thelicensable use and/or distribution of the content resource), priceattributes of the content resources (e.g., a price and/or pricestructure for determining a payment amount for use or distribution ofthe content resource), rating attributes for the content resources(e.g., data indicating the evaluation or effectiveness of the contentresource), and the like. In some embodiments, the library data store 303may be configured to allow updating of content metadata or properties,and to allow the addition and/or removal of information relating to thecontent resources. For example, content relationships may be implementedas graph structures, which may be stored in the library data store 303or in an additional store for use by selection algorithms along with theother metadata.

A pricing data store 304 may include pricing information and/or pricingstructures for determining payment amounts for providing access to thecontent distribution network 100 and/or the individual content resourceswithin the network 100. In some cases, pricing may be determined basedon a user's access to the content distribution network 100, for example,a time-based subscription fee, or pricing based on network usage and. Inother cases, pricing may be tied to specific content resources. Certaincontent resources may have associated pricing information, whereas otherpricing determinations may be based on the resources accessed, theprofiles and/or accounts of the user, and the desired level of access(e.g., duration of access, network speed, etc.). Additionally, thepricing data store 304 may include information relating to compilationpricing for groups of content resources, such as group prices and/orprice structures for groupings of resources.

A license data store 305 may include information relating to licensesand/or licensing of the content resources within the contentdistribution network 100. For example, the license data store 305 mayidentify licenses and licensing terms for individual content resourcesand/or compilations of content resources in the content server 112, therights holders for the content resources, and/or common or large-scaleright holder information such as contact information for rights holdersof content not included in the content server 112.

A content access data store 306 may include access rights and securityinformation for the content distribution network 100 and specificcontent resources. For example, the content access data store 306 mayinclude login information (e.g., user identifiers, logins, passwords,etc.) that can be verified during user login attempts to the network100. The content access data store 306 also may be used to storeassigned user roles and/or user levels of access. For example, a user'saccess level may correspond to the sets of content resources and/or theclient or server applications that the user is permitted to access.Certain users may be permitted or denied access to certain applicationsand resources based on their subscription level, training program,course/grade level, etc. Certain users may have supervisory access overone or more end users, allowing the supervisor to access all or portionsof the end user's content, activities, evaluations, etc. Additionally,certain users may have administrative access over some users and/or someapplications in the content management network 100, allowing such usersto add and remove user accounts, modify user access permissions, performmaintenance updates on software and servers, etc.

A source data store 307 may include information relating to the sourceof the content resources available via the content distribution network.For example, a source data store 307 may identify the authors andoriginating devices of content resources, previous pieces of data and/orgroups of data originating from the same authors or originating devices,and the like.

An evaluation data store 308 may include information used to direct theevaluation of users and content resources in the content managementnetwork 100. In some embodiments, the evaluation data store 308 maycontain, for example, the analysis criteria and the analysis guidelinesfor evaluating users (e.g., trainees/students, gaming users, mediacontent consumers, etc.) and/or for evaluating the content resources inthe network 100. The evaluation data store 308 also may includeinformation relating to evaluation processing tasks, for example, theidentification of users and user devices 106 that have received certaincontent resources or accessed certain applications, the status ofevaluations or evaluation histories for content resources, users, orapplications, and the like. Evaluation criteria may be stored in theevaluation data store 308 including data and/or instructions in the formof one or several electronic rubrics or scoring guides for use in theevaluation of the content, users, or applications. The evaluation datastore 308 also may include past evaluations and/or evaluation analysesfor users, content, and applications, including relative rankings,characterizations, explanations, and the like.

A thread data store 309, also referred to herein as a thread database309 can include information relating to one or several conversationthreads, which can each include one or several user posts. In someembodiments, the thread data store 309 can include thread informationidentifying, for example, the number of users that can access a thread,the access level(s) of the users that can access a thread including, forexample, a read-only access level, a read-write access level, or thelike. In some embodiments, the thread information can include threadmetadata that can identify one or several aspects of the threadincluding, for example, thread content, post or comment information, orthe like. In some embodiments, the thread information can include threaduser data that can track one or several user interactions with thethread such as, for example, user posts to the thread, metadata of userposts to the thread, activity level in the thread, or the like.

A threshold database 310, also referred to herein as a thresholddatabase, can store one or several threshold values. These one orseveral threshold values can delineate between states or conditions. Inone exemplary embodiments, for example, a threshold value can delineatebetween an acceptable user performance and an unacceptable userperformance, between content appropriate for a user and content that isinappropriate for a user, between risk levels, or the like.

A transmission data store 311 can include information relating to thetransmission of information through the communication network 120. Insome embodiments, this information can be specifically received from oneor several hubs 602, 604, 606 relating to the transmission ofinformation through those one or several hubs 602, 604, 606. In someembodiments, this information can relate to the performance of one ormore of the hubs such as information identifying the time oftransmission, the transmission speed, any transmission anomalies, or thelike. In some embodiments the transmission database 311 can includeinformation for some or all of the hubs. This information can identify,for example, the number of times that a hub has been identified as anerror hub, the percent of transmissions in which the hub is identifiedas an error hub, or the like. In some embodiments, the transmissiondatabase can further include information

The scan data store 312 can include information generated form thescanner 124. This information can include, for example, datacorresponding to one or several variables of one or several pixelscaptured by the scanner 124. In some embodiments, these one or severalvariables can include, for example, one or several pixel values, whichone or several pixel values can represent one or several of: color;brightness; contrast; and intensity of the pixel. In some embodiments,the scan database 312 can include the results of the scan of an item.These can include, for example, the identification of one or severalcharacters and/or marks located on the scanned item.

In some embodiments, this data can relate to one or several lines ofpixels and/or one or several pixel arrays. In embodiments in which thescanner 124 includes a line-scan camera, this data can include one orseveral sets of line data, each of which one or several sets of linedata can comprise a single line of pixels. In some embodiments, the scandatabase 312 can include image data which can comprise an array ofpixels, which array of pixels can comprise a plurality of lines ofpixels generated by, for example, a line-scan camera. In someembodiments, for example, the server 102 can receive these lines ofpixels and/or sets of line data from the scanner 124 and can arrangethese lines of pixels and/or sets of line data into an array of pixels.In some embodiments, these sets of line data can be sequentiallyreceived in the order in which they were generated and/or captured, andin some embodiments, these sets of line data can be linked together toform an array of pixels in the same order in which they were generatedand/or captured.

In addition to the illustrative data stores described above, data storeserver(s) 104 (e.g., database servers, file-based storage servers, etc.)may include one or more external data aggregators 313. External dataaggregators 313 may include third-party data sources accessible to thecontent management network 100, but not maintained by the contentmanagement network 100. External data aggregators 313 may include anyelectronic information source relating to the users, content resources,or applications of the content distribution network 100. For example,external data aggregators 313 may be third-party data stores containingdemographic data, education related data, sales data, health relateddata, and the like. Illustrative external data aggregators 313 mayinclude, for example, social networking web servers, public records datastores, learning management systems, educational institution servers,business servers, consumer sales data stores, medical record datastores, etc. Data retrieved from various external data aggregators 313may be used to verify and update user account information, suggest usercontent, and perform user and content evaluations.

With reference now to FIG. 4, a block diagram is shown illustrating anembodiment of one or more content management servers 102 within acontent distribution network 100. As discussed above, content managementserver(s) 102 may include various server hardware and softwarecomponents that manage the content resources within the contentdistribution network 100 and provide interactive and adaptive content tousers on various user devices 106. For example, content managementserver(s) 102 may provide instructions to and receive information fromthe other devices within the content distribution network 100, in orderto manage and transmit content resources, user data, and server orclient applications executing within the network 100.

A content management server 102 may include a content customizationsystem 402. The content customization system 402 may be implementedusing dedicated hardware within the content distribution network 100(e.g., a content customization server 402), or using designated hardwareand software resources within a shared content management server 102. Insome embodiments, the content customization system 402 may adjust theselection and adaptive capabilities of content resources to match theneeds and desires of the users receiving the content. For example, thecontent customization system 402 may query various data stores andservers 104 to retrieve user information, such as user preferences andcharacteristics (e.g., from a user profile data store 301), user accessrestrictions to content recourses (e.g., from a content access datastore 306), previous user results and content evaluations (e.g., from anevaluation data store 308), and the like. Based on the retrievedinformation from data stores 104 and other data sources, the contentcustomization system 402 may modify content resources for individualusers.

A content management server 102 also may include a user managementsystem 404. The user management system 404 may be implemented usingdedicated hardware within the content distribution network 100 (e.g., auser management server 404), or using designated hardware and softwareresources within a shared content management server 102. In someembodiments, the user management system 404 may monitor the progress ofusers through various types of content resources and groups, such asmedia compilations, courses or curriculums in training or educationalcontexts, interactive gaming environments, and the like. For example,the user management system 404 may query one or more databases and/ordata store servers 104 to retrieve user data such as associated contentcompilations or programs, content completion status, user goals,results, and the like.

A content management server 102 also may include an evaluation system406. The evaluation system 406 may be implemented using dedicatedhardware within the content distribution network 100 (e.g., anevaluation server 406), or using designated hardware and softwareresources within a shared content management server 102. The evaluationsystem 406 may be configured to receive and analyze information fromuser devices 106. For example, various ratings of content resourcessubmitted by users may be compiled and analyzed, and then stored in adata store (e.g., a content library data store 303 and/or evaluationdata store 308) associated with the content. In some embodiments, theevaluation server 406 may analyze the information to determine theeffectiveness or appropriateness of content resources with, for example,a subject matter, an age group, a skill level, or the like. In someembodiments, the evaluation system 406 may provide updates to thecontent customization system 402 or the user management system 404, withthe attributes of one or more content resources or groups of resourceswithin the network 100. The evaluation system 406 also may receive andanalyze user evaluation data from user devices 106, supervisor devices110, and administrator servers 116, etc. For instance, evaluation system406 may receive, aggregate, and analyze user evaluation data fordifferent types of users (e.g., end users, supervisors, administrators,etc.) in different contexts (e.g., media consumer ratings, trainee orstudent comprehension levels, teacher effectiveness levels, gamer skilllevels, etc.).

A content management server 102 also may include a content deliverysystem 408. The content delivery system 408 may be implemented usingdedicated hardware within the content distribution network 100 (e.g., acontent delivery server 408), or using designated hardware and softwareresources within a shared content management server 102. The contentdelivery system 408 may receive content resources from the contentcustomization system 402 and/or from the user management system 404, andprovide the resources to user devices 106. The content delivery system408 may determine the appropriate presentation format for the contentresources based on the user characteristics and preferences, and/or thedevice capabilities of user devices 106. If needed, the content deliverysystem 408 may convert the content resources to the appropriatepresentation format and/or compress the content before transmission. Insome embodiments, the content delivery system 408 may also determine theappropriate transmission media and communication protocols fortransmission of the content resources.

In some embodiments, the content delivery system 408 may includespecialized security and integration hardware 410, along withcorresponding software components to implement the appropriate securityfeatures content transmission and storage, to provide the supportednetwork and client access models, and to support the performance andscalability requirements of the network 100. The security andintegration layer 410 may include some or all of the security andintegration components 208 discussed above in FIG. 2, and may controlthe transmission of content resources and other data, as well as thereceipt of requests and content interactions, to and from the userdevices 106, supervisor devices 110, administrative servers 116, andother devices in the network 100.

With reference now to FIG. 5, a block diagram of an illustrativecomputer system is shown. The system 500 may correspond to any of thecomputing devices or servers of the content distribution network 100described above, or any other computing devices described herein, andspecifically can include, for example, one or several of the userdevices 106, the supervisor device 110, and/or any of the servers 102,104, 108, 112, 114, 116. In this example, computer system 500 includesprocessing units 504 that communicate with a number of peripheralsubsystems via a bus subsystem 502. These peripheral subsystems include,for example, a storage subsystem 510, an I/O subsystem 526, and acommunications subsystem 532.

Bus subsystem 502 provides a mechanism for letting the variouscomponents and subsystems of computer system 500 communicate with eachother as intended. Although bus subsystem 502 is shown schematically asa single bus, alternative embodiments of the bus subsystem may utilizemultiple buses. Bus subsystem 502 may be any of several types of busstructures including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheralbus, and a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. Sucharchitectures may include, for example, an Industry StandardArchitecture (ISA) bus, Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, EnhancedISA (EISA) bus, Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) localbus, and Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, which can beimplemented as a Mezzanine bus manufactured to the IEEE P1386.1standard.

Processing unit 504, which may be implemented as one or more integratedcircuits (e.g., a conventional microprocessor or microcontroller),controls the operation of computer system 500. One or more processors,including single core and/or multicore processors, may be included inprocessing unit 504. As shown in the figure, processing unit 504 may beimplemented as one or more independent processing units 506 and/or 508with single or multicore processors and processor caches included ineach processing unit. In other embodiments, processing unit 504 may alsobe implemented as a quad-core processing unit or larger multicoredesigns (e.g., hexa-core processors, octo-core processors, ten-coreprocessors, or greater.

Processing unit 504 may execute a variety of software processes embodiedin program code, and may maintain multiple concurrently executingprograms or processes. At any given time, some or all of the programcode to be executed can be resident in processor(s) 504 and/or instorage subsystem 510. In some embodiments, computer system 500 mayinclude one or more specialized processors, such as digital signalprocessors (DSPs), outboard processors, graphics processors,application-specific processors, and/or the like.

I/O subsystem 526 may include device controllers 528 for one or moreuser interface input devices and/or user interface output devices 530.User interface input and output devices 530 may be integral with thecomputer system 500 (e.g., integrated audio/video systems, and/ortouchscreen displays), or may be separate peripheral devices which areattachable/detachable from the computer system 500. The I/O subsystem526 may provide one or several outputs to a user by converting one orseveral electrical signals to user perceptible and/or interpretableform, and may receive one or several inputs from the user by generatingone or several electrical signals based on one or several user-causedinteractions with the I/O subsystem such as the depressing of a key orbutton, the moving of a mouse, the interaction with a touchscreen ortrackpad, the interaction of a sound wave with a microphone, or thelike.

Input devices 530 may include a keyboard, pointing devices such as amouse or trackball, a touchpad or touch screen incorporated into adisplay, a scroll wheel, a click wheel, a dial, a button, a switch, akeypad, audio input devices with voice command recognition systems,microphones, and other types of input devices. Input devices 530 mayalso include three dimensional (3D) mice, joysticks or pointing sticks,gamepads and graphic tablets, and audio/visual devices such as speakers,digital cameras, digital camcorders, portable media players, webcams,image scanners, fingerprint scanners, barcode reader 3D scanners, 3Dprinters, laser rangefinders, and eye gaze tracking devices. Additionalinput devices 530 may include, for example, motion sensing and/orgesture recognition devices that enable users to control and interactwith an input device through a natural user interface using gestures andspoken commands, eye gesture recognition devices that detect eyeactivity from users and transform the eye gestures as input into aninput device, voice recognition sensing devices that enable users tointeract with voice recognition systems through voice commands, medicalimaging input devices, MIDI keyboards, digital musical instruments, andthe like.

Output devices 530 may include one or more display subsystems, indicatorlights, or non-visual displays such as audio output devices, etc.Display subsystems may include, for example, cathode ray tube (CRT)displays, flat-panel devices, such as those using a liquid crystaldisplay (LCD) or plasma display, light-emitting diode (LED) displays,projection devices, touch screens, and the like. In general, use of theterm “output device” is intended to include all possible types ofdevices and mechanisms for outputting information from computer system500 to a user or other computer. For example, output devices 530 mayinclude, without limitation, a variety of display devices that visuallyconvey text, graphics and audio/video information such as monitors,printers, speakers, headphones, automotive navigation systems, plotters,voice output devices, and modems.

Computer system 500 may comprise one or more storage subsystems 510,comprising hardware and software components used for storing data andprogram instructions, such as system memory 518 and computer-readablestorage media 516. The system memory 518 and/or computer-readablestorage media 516 may store program instructions that are loadable andexecutable on processing units 504, as well as data generated during theexecution of these programs.

Depending on the configuration and type of computer system 500, systemmemory 318 may be stored in volatile memory (such as random accessmemory (RAM) 512) and/or in non-volatile storage drives 514 (such asread-only memory (ROM), flash memory, etc.) The RAM 512 may contain dataand/or program modules that are immediately accessible to and/orpresently being operated and executed by processing units 504. In someimplementations, system memory 518 may include multiple different typesof memory, such as static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic randomaccess memory (DRAM). In some implementations, a basic input/outputsystem (BIOS), containing the basic routines that help to transferinformation between elements within computer system 500, such as duringstart-up, may typically be stored in the non-volatile storage drives514. By way of example, and not limitation, system memory 518 mayinclude application programs 520, such as client applications, Webbrowsers, mid-tier applications, server applications, etc., program data522, and an operating system 524.

Storage subsystem 510 also may provide one or more tangiblecomputer-readable storage media 516 for storing the basic programmingand data constructs that provide the functionality of some embodiments.Software (programs, code modules, instructions) that when executed by aprocessor provide the functionality described herein may be stored instorage subsystem 510. These software modules or instructions may beexecuted by processing units 504. Storage subsystem 510 may also providea repository for storing data used in accordance with the presentinvention.

Storage subsystem 300 may also include a computer-readable storage mediareader that can further be connected to computer-readable storage media516. Together and, optionally, in combination with system memory 518,computer-readable storage media 516 may comprehensively representremote, local, fixed, and/or removable storage devices plus storagemedia for temporarily and/or more permanently containing, storing,transmitting, and retrieving computer-readable information.

Computer-readable storage media 516 containing program code, or portionsof program code, may include any appropriate media known or used in theart, including storage media and communication media, such as but notlimited to, volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable mediaimplemented in any method or technology for storage and/or transmissionof information. This can include tangible computer-readable storagemedia such as RAM, ROM, electronically erasable programmable ROM(EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digitalversatile disk (DVD), or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes,magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices,or other tangible computer readable media. This can also includenontangible computer-readable media, such as data signals, datatransmissions, or any other medium which can be used to transmit thedesired information and which can be accessed by computer system 500.

By way of example, computer-readable storage media 516 may include ahard disk drive that reads from or writes to non-removable, nonvolatilemagnetic media, a magnetic disk drive that reads from or writes to aremovable, nonvolatile magnetic disk, and an optical disk drive thatreads from or writes to a removable, nonvolatile optical disk such as aCD ROM, DVD, and Blu-Ray® disk, or other optical media.Computer-readable storage media 516 may include, but is not limited to,Zip® drives, flash memory cards, universal serial bus (USB) flashdrives, secure digital (SD) cards, DVD disks, digital video tape, andthe like. Computer-readable storage media 516 may also include,solid-state drives (SSD) based on non-volatile memory such asflash-memory based SSDs, enterprise flash drives, solid state ROM, andthe like, SSDs based on volatile memory such as solid state RAM, dynamicRAM, static RAM, DRAM-based SSDs, magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) SSDs, andhybrid SSDs that use a combination of DRAM and flash memory based SSDs.The disk drives and their associated computer-readable media may providenon-volatile storage of computer-readable instructions, data structures,program modules, and other data for computer system 500.

Communications subsystem 532 may provide a communication interface fromcomputer system 500 and external computing devices via one or morecommunication networks, including local area networks (LANs), wide areanetworks (WANs) (e.g., the Internet), and various wirelesstelecommunications networks. As illustrated in FIG. 5, thecommunications subsystem 532 may include, for example, one or morenetwork interface controllers (NICs) 534, such as Ethernet cards,Asynchronous Transfer Mode NICs, Token Ring NICs, and the like, as wellas one or more wireless communications interfaces 536, such as wirelessnetwork interface controllers (WNICs), wireless network adapters, andthe like. Additionally and/or alternatively, the communicationssubsystem 532 may include one or more modems (telephone, satellite,cable, ISDN), synchronous or asynchronous digital subscriber line (DSL)units, FireWire® interfaces, USB® interfaces, and the like.Communications subsystem 536 also may include radio frequency (RF)transceiver components for accessing wireless voice and/or data networks(e.g., using cellular telephone technology, advanced data networktechnology, such as 3G, 4G or EDGE (enhanced data rates for globalevolution), WiFi (IEEE 802.11 family standards, or other mobilecommunication technologies, or any combination thereof), globalpositioning system (GPS) receiver components, and/or other components.

The various physical components of the communications subsystem 532 maybe detachable components coupled to the computer system 500 via acomputer network, a FireWire® bus, or the like, and/or may be physicallyintegrated onto a motherboard of the computer system 500. Communicationssubsystem 532 also may be implemented in whole or in part by software.

In some embodiments, communications subsystem 532 may also receive inputcommunication in the form of structured and/or unstructured data feeds,event streams, event updates, and the like, on behalf of one or moreusers who may use or access computer system 500. For example,communications subsystem 532 may be configured to receive data feeds inreal-time from users of social networks and/or other communicationservices, web feeds such as Rich Site Summary (RSS) feeds, and/orreal-time updates from one or more third party information sources(e.g., data aggregators 313). Additionally, communications subsystem 532may be configured to receive data in the form of continuous datastreams, which may include event streams of real-time events and/orevent updates (e.g., sensor data applications, financial tickers,network performance measuring tools, clickstream analysis tools,automobile traffic monitoring, etc.). Communications subsystem 532 mayoutput such structured and/or unstructured data feeds, event streams,event updates, and the like to one or more data stores 104 that may bein communication with one or more streaming data source computerscoupled to computer system 500.

Due to the ever-changing nature of computers and networks, thedescription of computer system 500 depicted in the figure is intendedonly as a specific example. Many other configurations having more orfewer components than the system depicted in the figure are possible.For example, customized hardware might also be used and/or particularelements might be implemented in hardware, firmware, software, or acombination. Further, connection to other computing devices, such asnetwork input/output devices, may be employed. Based on the disclosureand teachings provided herein, a person of ordinary skill in the artwill appreciate other ways and/or methods to implement the variousembodiments.

With reference now to FIG. 6, a block diagram illustrating oneembodiment of the communication network 120 is shown. Specifically, FIG.6 depicts one hardware configuration in which messages are exchangedbetween a source hub 602 via the communication network 120 that caninclude one or several intermediate hubs 604. In some embodiments, thesource hub 602 can be any one or several components of the contentdistribution network generating and initiating the sending of a message,and the terminal hub 606 can be any one or several components of thecontent distribution network 100 receiving and not re-sending themessage. In some embodiments, for example, the source hub 602 can be oneor several of the user device 106, the supervisor device 110, and/or theserver 102, and the terminal hub 606 can likewise be one or several ofthe user device 106, the supervisor device 110, and/or the server 102.In some embodiments, the intermediate hubs 604 can include any computingdevice that receives the message and resends the message to a next node.

As seen in FIG. 6, in some embodiments, each of the hubs 602, 604, 606can be communicatingly connected with the data store 104. In suchembodiments, some or all of the hubs 602, 604, 606 can send informationto the data store 104 identifying a received message and/or any sent orresent message. This information can, in some embodiments, be used todetermine the completeness of any sent and/or received messages and/orto verify the accuracy and completeness of any message received by theterminal hub 606.

In some embodiments, the communication network 120 can be formed by theintermediate hubs 604. In some embodiments, the communication network120 can comprise a single intermediate hub 604, and in some embodiments,the communication network 120 can comprise a plurality of intermediatehubs. In one embodiment, for example, and as depicted in FIG. 6, thecommunication network 120 includes a first intermediate hub 604-A and asecond intermediate hub 604-B.

With reference now to FIG. 7A, a schematic illustration of oneembodiment of scanner 124. The scanner 124 can include a camera 702. Thecamera 702 can be, for example, a digital camera. In some embodiments,the digital camera can be a line-scan camera that outputs a single rowof pixels, and in some embodiments, the digital camera can be anarea-scan camera that outputs an array of pixels. The camera 702 cangenerate data from a portion of an object, referred to herein as the“scanned object” within an imaging area. In some embodiments, thisportion of the scanned object can comprise the entire scanned object, orless than the entire scanned object such as part of the scanned object.

The camera 702 can be communicatingly connected to a control unit 704.The control unit 704, also referred to herein as a “timing circuit,” cancontrol the operation of the camera 702. In some embodiments, this caninclude controlling one or several parameters of the camera such as theexposure rate. As used herein, the “exposure rate” refers to thefrequency with which the camera 702 generates data such as, for example,a set of line data. In some embodiments, the control unit 704 canreceive the data generated by the camera 702 from the scanned item. Thecontrol unit 704 can perform one or several operations on the receiveddata and/or with the received data to determine, for example, growthand/or size of the scanned item, skew and/or rotation of the scanneditem, an ideal exposure rate, or the like. In some embodiments, thecontrol unit 704 can manipulate some or all of the data received fromthe camera to compensate for, for example skew or rotation of thescanned item.

The control unit 704 can comprise a variety of components. In someembodiments, the control unit 704 can comprise one or several circuitsand/or components that can receive data from the camera 702, and can,based on the received data, identify one or several camera operationparameters for modification and/or modify the one or several cameraoperation parameters. In some embodiments, these one or severalcomponents can include, for example, one or several computer chips,integrated circuits including for example, one or severalapplication-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), gate arrays includingone or several field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or the like. Insome embodiments, Such FPGAs can contain an array of programmable logicblocks, and a hierarchy of reconfigurable interconnects that allow theblocks to be “wired together”, like many logic gates that can beinter-wired in different configurations. Logic blocks can be configuredto perform complex combinational functions, or merely simple logic gateslike AND and XOR. In most FPGAs, logic blocks also include memoryelements, which may be simple flip-flops or more complete blocks ofmemory.

In some embodiments, the control unit 704 and/or the components of thecontrol unit 704 can be controlled by computer codes that can be storedin memory associated with the control unit 704 and/or components of thecontrol unit 704. In some embodiments, this computer code can comprise ahardware description language (HDL). In some embodiments, the controlunit 704 can operate according some or all of the algorithms disclosedherein.

In some embodiments, the control unit 704 can include a clock, a summingcircuit (summer circuit), a subtractor (subtractor circuit), anadder-subtractor (adder-subtractor circuit), a multiplier circuit whichcan be a binary or analog multiplier, a divider circuit, or the like. Insome embodiments, the control unit 704 can be configured to generate acapture signal and send the capture signal to the camera 702. Thiscapture signal can direct the camera to generate a set of line dataand/or to generate one or several pixel values corresponding to aportion of the scanned item in the imaging area.

The control unit can generate the capture signal by dividing a clockrate by a divisor which can be formed, at least in part, based on avariable component. In some embodiments, this variable component canchange based on whether the frequency with which current capture signalsare sent is too high or too low. In some embodiments, the summer circuitcan add the variable component to other components, such as fixedcomponents that can be, for example, received from the user of thescanner 124, forming the divisor. The clock signals can be received fromthe clock, and the frequency of the divider circuit can divide the clocksignals by the divisor to create a line rate identifying the frequencywith which capture signals are generated. The control unit 704 can then,based on the line rate, generate and send one or several capture signalsto the camera 702.

The control unit 704 can be communicatingly connected to a feed device706. The feed device 706 can control the advance of the scanned itemthrough the imaging area. In some embodiments the feed device cancomprise one or several conveying mechanisms, conveyors, mechanizedrollers, or the like. In some embodiments, the control unit 704 canprovide one or several control signals to the feed device 706, whichcontrol signals control whether the feed device 706 moves the scanneditem with respect to the imaging area, the rate of movement of thescanned item with respect to the imaging area, or the like.

In some embodiments, and as depicted in FIG. 7A, one or both of thecontrol unit 704 and the camera 702 can be communicatingly connectedwith the server 102. In some embodiments, for example, the server 102can receive data, such as one or several pixels, lines of pixels, orarrays of pixels from the camera 702 and/or from the control unit 704.In one embodiment, for example, the server 102 can sequentially receivelines of pixels from the camera 702 and/or from the control unit 704 inthe same order in which the lines of pixels are generated by the camera702. In some embodiments, the server 102 can receive composite linesfrom the control unit 704, which composite lines are generated from setsof line data received from the camera 702. In some embodiments, acomposite line can be generated from a plurality of lines of pixels tocompensate for, for example, skew or rotation of the scanned item.

The content management server 102 can be communicatingly coupled to thescan database 312 of the database server 104. In some embodiments, theserver 102 can create image data from the data received from the scanner124. This image data can be stored, by the server 102, in the scandatabase 312.

With reference now to FIG. 7B, a flowchart illustrating one embodimentof a process 710 for controlling the camera 702 of the scanner 124 isshown. In some embodiments, the process 710 can be performed by thecontrol unit 704 and/or components thereof. The process 710 begins atblock 720, wherein a clock signal is received. In some embodiments, theclock signal comprises a plurality of signals establishing a clockfrequency. The clock signal can be received from the clock by othercomponents of the control unit 704, and particularly can be received bythe divider.

After the clock signal has been received, the process 710 proceeds toblock 722, wherein divisor components are received. In some embodiments,these divisor components can be received by the summer circuit, andthese divisor components can include, for example, a fixed component anda variable component. In some embodiments, the variable component canchange based on the difference between the number of lines of pixels orthe number of sets of line data between consecutive row marks and idealspacing data.

After the divisor components have been received, the process 710proceeds to block 724, wherein the divisor is generated. In someembodiments, the divisor can be generated by adding the divisorcomponents with the summer circuit, or adding values generated based onthe divisor components with the summer circuit. After the divisor hasbeen generated, the process 710 proceeds to block 726, wherein the linerate is generated. In some embodiments, the line rate can be generatedby dividing the clock frequency by the divisor with the divider circuit.

After the line rate has been generated, the process 710 proceeds toblock 728, wherein a capture signal is generated and/or sent. In someembodiments, the capture signal can direct the camera 702 to generateand/or capture data of the portion of the scanned item 800 in theimaging area. The capture signal can be generated by the control unit704 and can be based on the line rate.

With reference now to FIG. 8, a depiction of one embodiment of a scanneditem 800 is shown. The scanned item 800 can comprise a variety of shapesand sizes, and can be made from a variety of materials. In someembodiments, the scanned item 800 can comprise one or several planarpieces which can be, for example, one or several sheets of material. Thescanned item 800 can include a top 802, a bottom 804, a first side 806,and a second side 808. In some embodiments, the scanned item can have alength extending between the top 802 and the bottom 804 and a widthextending between the first side 806 and the second side 808. Thescanned item 800 can further include a face 810 and a back (not shown).In some embodiments, one or both of the face 810 and the back can beimaged by the scanner 124.

In some embodiments, the scanned item 800 can include markings 812, 814,816. Some of the markings 812, 814, 816 can facilitate the operation ofthe scanner 124. The markings can include row marks 812, 816 which caninclude a first group of row marks 812 and a second group of row marks816. In some embodiments, the first group of row marks 812 can belocated along the first side 806 of the scanned item 800 and extendingfrom the top 802 to the bottom 804 of the scanned item 800. In someembodiments, the first group of row marks 812 can be arranged in a line.In some embodiments, the second group of row marks 816 can be locatedalong the second side 808 of the scanned item 800 and extending from thetop 802 to the bottom 804 of the scanned item 800. In some embodiments,the second group of row marks 816 can be arranged in a line. In someembodiments, each mark of the first group of row marks 812 is pairedwith one of the second group of row marks 816. In some embodiments, amark of the first group of row marks 812 is paired with one of thesecond group of row marks 816 such that the mark of the first group ofrow marks 812 and the one of the second group of row marks 816 are thesame distance from the top 802 and/or the bottom 804 of the scanned item800.

The row marks 812, 816 can comprise a variety of shapes, sizes, andcolors. In some embodiments, the row marks 812, 816 can each comprisethe same shape, size, and color. As specifically depicted in FIG. 8, insome embodiments, the row marks 812, 816 can each comprise a blackrectangle.

The markings can further include one or several response areadelineators 814, also referred to herein as “answer bubbles.” Asreferred to herein, a “response area” is the area delineated by theanswer bubbles, a “response area position” is a location of a scanneditem 800 of one or several response areas, and a “standard response areaposition” is an expected or desired location of a response area on ascanned item 800 of a specified size. In some embodiments, the one orseveral answer bubbles 814 can form an array of answer bubbles 814. Insome embodiments, the answer bubbles 814 can be arranged in a pluralityof rows 818, each of which rows 818 extend from the first side 806 tothe second side 808 of the scanned item 800. In some embodiments, and asdepicted in FIG. 8, each of these rows 818 is associated with a one ofthe first group of row marks 812 and one of the second group of rowmarks 814. In some embodiments, each of these rows 818 is associatedwith row marks such that the answer bubbles 814 forming the row and therow marks forming the row are the same distance from the top 802 and/orbottom 804 of the scanned item 800.

With reference now to FIG. 9, a flowchart illustrating one embodiment ofa process 900 for growth compensation of a scanned item 800 is shown. Insome embodiments, the process 900 can compensate for growth of scanneditems 800 that can occur due to, for example, changes in air humidity inthe area in which the scanned items 800 are located. In someembodiments, as the process 900 is performed separate from the creationof the image data by the server 102, but rather is performed in thescanner 124, the overall operation speed of the scanner 124 is increasedas the growth compensation can be performed simultaneous with thegeneration of sets of line data as opposed to after the image data isgenerated from all of the sets of line data.

The process 900 can be performed by the content distribution network 100and/or one or several components thereof, and specifically can beperformed by the scanner 124.

The process 900 begins at block 902, wherein data is captured by thecamera 702. In some embodiments, data captured by the camera cancomprise one or several pixel values for one or several pixels. In someembodiments, the data captured in block 902 can comprise line data suchas a line of pixels, and in some embodiments, the data captured in block902 can comprise an array of pixels.

In some embodiments, this data captured by the camera can be generatedfrom a portion of the scanned item, which portion of the scanned objectcan comprise the entire scanned object, or less than the entire scannedobject such as part of the scanned object. This portion of the scanneditem can be located in the imaging area.

After the data has been captured, the process 900 proceeds to decisionstate 904, wherein it is determined if a row mark is included in thedata captured in block 902 or with the data captured in block 902. Insome embodiments, this determination can be performed by the controlunit 704. This determination can include evaluating one or severalpixels according to criteria for determination of the presence of a rowmark. In some embodiments, this can include identifying a row mark whena group of pixels has, for example, a specified: color; intensity; size;and/or shape. In some embodiments, for example, a row mark can beidentified when a plurality of sets of line data each include groups ofpixels having a specified color; location; intensity; and/or length. Insome embodiments, for example, a row mark can be identified when aspecified number of pixels or a number of pixels within a specifiedrange, and having a specified intensity or color or an intensity orcolor within a specified range, are identified at a specified locationor within a range of specified locations in each of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9, 10, 15, 20, and/or any other or intermediate number of lines ofpixels.

In some embodiments in which a row mark is identified based on pixelsmeeting certain criteria in multiple lines of pixels, the line datacaptured in block 902 may contain pixels qualifying as a possible rowmark. In some embodiments, decision state 904 can further includedetermining if the captured line data contains a potential row mark. Insuch embodiments, the control unit 704 can evaluate one or severalpixels in the captured line data according to criteria for determinationof the presence of a potential row mark. This can include identifying apotential row mark when a group of pixels has, for example, a specified:color; intensity; size; and/or shape. In some embodiments, for example,a potential row mark can be identified when a set of line data eachincludes a group of pixels having a specified color; location;intensity; and/or length. In some embodiments, for example, a row markcan be identified when a specified number of pixels or a number ofpixels within a specified range, and having a specified intensity orcolor or an intensity or color within a specified range, and/or areidentified at a specified location or within a range of specifiedlocations.

If a potential row mark is identified, decision state 904 can includedetermining if the potential row mark completes a row mark. In someembodiments, this can include determining whether the immediatelyprevious one or several sets of line data contained one or severalpotential row marks that, in combination with the potential row mark inthe line data captured in block 902 create a row mark.

If a row mark is not identified, then the process 900 returns to block902 and the process 900 proceeds as outlined above. If a row mark isidentified, then the process 900 proceeds to decision state 905, whereinit is determined if the identified row mark completes a mark pair. Asused herein, a mark pair is two row marks that can be adjacent so as tohave no intervening row marks. In some embodiments a mark pair is tworow marks that are adjacent along the length of the scanned item. Insome embodiments determining if the identified row mark completes a markpair can include determining whether any other row marks have beenidentified on the scanned item 800, and specifically can includedetermining whether any other row marks having the same approximatelocation along the width of the scanned item 800 have been identified onthe scanned item 800. If such an other row mark is identified, then amark pair is completed.

If a mark pair is not completed, then the process 900 returns to block902 and proceeds as outlined above. If a mark pair is completed, thenthe process 900 proceeds to block 906, wherein a pixel count between therow marks forming the mark pair is determined. In some embodiments, thiscan include determining the number of sets of line data between the rowmarks forming the mark pair. This determination can be performed by thecontrol unit 704.

After the pixel count between the row marks forming the row pair hasbeen determined, the process 900 proceeds to block 908, wherein thestandard count value is retrieved. In some embodiments, the standardcount value can identify the expected number of pixels and/or sets ofline data or lines of pixels between the row marks forming the markpair. This standard count value can be determined based on informationassociated with the scanned item 800, which information can be inputinto the scanner 124 or other component of the content distributionnetwork 100. In some embodiments, the standard count value can be storedin one of the databases 104 of the content distribution network 100, andcan be specifically stored in the scan database 312. In someembodiments, this standard count value can be stored in memoryassociated with the control unit 704. In some embodiments, the standardcount value can be retrieved from the location at which it is stored inblock 908.

After the standard count value has been retrieved, the process 900proceeds to block 910, wherein the determined pixel count of block 906is compared to the standard count value of block 908. After thedetermined pixel count of block 906 is compared to the standard countvalue of block 908, the process 900 proceeds to block 912, wherein anerror value is generated. In some embodiments, this error value cancharacterize a difference between the determined pixel count of block906 and the standard count value of block 908. This difference can bemeasured in pixels, lines of pixels, a percent, or the like. In someembodiments, the error value can characterize the degree to which thesize of the scanned item 800 along the length and/or width of thescanned item differs from an expected size.

After the error value has been generated, the process 90 proceeds toblock 914, wherein standard response area positions are determined. Insome embodiments, the standard response area positions can define thelocation of one or several response areas with respect to one or severalfeatures of the scanned item 800. In some embodiments, for example, astandard response area position can identify the location of a responsearea of a scanned item with respect to one or more of the top 802,bottom 804, first side 806, second side 808, and one or more of one orboth of the first group of row marks 812 and the second group of rowmarks 816 of the scanned item 800. In some embodiments, the standardresponse area positions can be determined by retrieving informationidentifying the standard response area positions. In some embodiments,this information can be stored in one of the databases 104 and/or inmemory associated with the control unit 704.

After the standard response area position information has beenretrieved, the process 900 proceeds to block 916, wherein correctedresponse area positions are generated. In some embodiments, thecorrected response area positions can be generated by applying the errorvalue to the standard response area positions. Specifically, in someembodiments a corrected response area position can be generated for eachof the response areas designated by the standard response areapositions. In some embodiments, the corrected response area positionscan be generated by the control unit 704 of the scanner 124. In someembodiments, and after the corrected response area positions have beengenerated, block 916 can include identifying one or several responses inone or several of the response areas as identified in one or severalpreviously received sets of line data. These one or several responsescan then be used to determine a score for responses provided via thescanned item, which score can reflect, for example, the number of itemsanswered correctly and/or incorrectly.

After the corrected response area positions have been generated, theprocess 900 proceeds to block 918, wherein the corrected response areapositions are stored. In some embodiments, these response area positionscan be predicted response area positions. In some embodiments, this caninclude storing the corrected response area positions in memoryassociated with the control unit 704 and/or in one of the databases suchas the scan database 312. After the corrected response area positionshave been stored, the process 900 proceeds to decision state 920,wherein it is determined if the scan of the scanned item 800 iscomplete. In some embodiments, this can include determining if thescanned item 800 has moved completely through the scanner 124. If it isdetermined that the scan is not complete, then the process 900 canreturn to block 902 and proceed as outlined above. In some embodiments,the return to block 902 can include the control unit 704 controlling thefeed device 706 to move the scanned item 800 such that a previouslyunscanned portion of the scanned item 800 is positioned within theimaging area for scanning. If the scan is completed, the process 900 canend.

Returning again to block 902, in some embodiments, and after the linedata has been generated by the camera 702, the camera 702 can send theline data to the server 102, which server can generate an image or imagedata as indicated in block 922. In some embodiments, for example, theserver 102 can compile a plurality of sets of line data to form imagedata comprising an array of pixels. After the image has been formed, theprocess 900 can proceed to block 924, wherein the image is stored. Insome embodiments, the image can be stored in one of the databases 104,and specifically within the scan database 312.

With reference now to FIG. 10, a flowchart illustrating one embodimentof a process 1000 for skew compensation of a scanned item 800 is shown.The process 1000 can be performed by the scanner 124, and specificallyby the camera 702, the control unit 704, and the feed device 706 of thescanner 124. The process 1000 begins at block 1002 wherein the line datais received. In some embodiments, the line data is received from thecamera 702 by the control unit 704.

After the line data has been received, the process 1000 proceeds todecision state 1004 wherein it is determined if the line data contains apotential row mark, and specifically one or several potential row marks.In some embodiments, this determination can be performed by the controlunit 704. This determination can include evaluating one or severalpixels in the line data according to criteria for determination of thepresence of a row mark. In some embodiments, this can includeidentifying a potential row mark when a group of pixels has, forexample, a specified: color; intensity; size; and/or shape. In someembodiments, for example, a potential row mark can be identified when aplurality of sets of line data each include groups of pixels having aspecified color; location; intensity; and/or length. In someembodiments, for example, a potential row mark can be identified when aspecified number of pixels or a number of pixels within a specifiedrange, and having a specified intensity or color or an intensity orcolor within a specified range, are identified at a specified locationor within a range of specified locations.

If it is determined that no potential row mark is contained in the linedata, then the process 1000 proceeds to block 1006 wherein a buffer isupdated. In some embodiments, updating the buffer can include storingthe line data generated in block 1002 in the buffer. In someembodiments, the buffer can comprise memory such as cache memoryassociated with the control unit 704. In some embodiments, the buffercan contain one or several sets of line data such as, for example,between 0 and 500 sets of line data, between 10 and 250 sets of linedata, between 50 and 100 sets of line data, approximately 100 sets ofline data, approximately 80 sets of line data, approximately 64 or 60sets of line data, approximately 50 sets of line data and/or any otheror intermediate number of sets of line data. As used herein,“approximately” denotes a range of plus or +/−10% of the value withwhich the word approximately is associated.

In some embodiments, the number of sets of line data stored in the cacheand/or buffer can be limited. In such embodiments, updating the buffercan further include discarding one or several sets of line data from thebuffer in addition to the addition of the line data at block 1002 to thebuffer. After the buffer has been updated, the process 1000 can returnto block 1002 and proceed as outlined above.

Returning again to decision state 1004, if it is determined that apotential row mark is identified, the process 1000 proceeds to steps1008 through 1012 wherein it is determined if the potential row mark isan actual row mark. Specifically, the process 1000 proceeds to decisionstate 1008 wherein it is determined of the potential row mark is anoriginal potential row mark. As used herein, an original potential rowmark is a potential row mark for which row mark account has not alreadybeen triggered. Alternatively, an original potential row mark is apotential row mark identified in line data received in block 902 and notin previously received line data. In some embodiments, the determinationof an original potential row mark can include determining whether acount associated with the position of the potential row mark identifiedand block 1004 has already been triggered. If a row mark is not anoriginal row mark and a count associated with the position of thepotential row mark has already been triggered, then the process 1000proceeds to block 1010 wherein the previously triggered count, alsoreferred to herein as the original count is incremented. Returning againto decision state 1008, if it is determined that the row mark is anoriginal row mark, then the process 1000 proceeds to block 1012 whereinan original count is triggered and/or incremented.

After blocks 1010 or 1012, the process 1000 proceeds to decision state1014 wherein it is determined whether to identify the potential row markas a row mark. In some embodiments, for example in which a row mark canbe identified when a specified number of pixels or a number of pixelswithin a specified range, and having a specified intensity or color oran intensity or color within a specified range, are identified at aspecified location or within a range of specified locations in each of2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, and/or any other or intermediatenumber of lines of pixels, the potential row mark can be identified as arow mark when the value of the original count indicates the desirednumber of lines of pixels. In some embodiments, this determination canbe made by comparing the value of the original count to a threshold. Insome embodiments, the identification of a row mark in decision state1014 can include adding a value indicative of unidentified row mark. Insome embodiments, this value can be stored in memory associated with thecontrol unit 704.

If the potential row mark is not identified as a row mark, than theprocess 1000 returns to block 1006 and proceeds as outlined above.Alternatively, if the potential row mark is identified as a row mark,then the process 1000 proceeds to decision state 1016 wherein it isdetermined if the identified row mark completes a lateral pair. Asreferred to herein, a lateral pair is a row mark from the first group ofrow marks 812 and a row mark from the second group of row marks 816 thateach identify the same row 818 of answer bubbles 814. In someembodiments, this determination can include determining whether a rowmark has been currently or previously identified that is joinable withthe row mark identified in decision state 1014 to form a lateral pair.

In some embodiments, determining if an identified row mark completes alateral pair can include, for example, determining whether theidentified row mark belongs to the first group of row marks 812 or thesecond group of row marks 816. In some embodiments, determining if anidentified row mark completes a lateral pair can further include, forexample, determining whether a row mark in the other of the first groupof row marks 812 and the second group of row marks 816 has beenidentified and not linked with another row mark in a lateral pair.

If it is determined that the identified row mark does not complete amark pair, then the process 1000 proceeds to block 1018 wherein acounter, and specifically a pair counter is triggered. In someembodiments, the pair counter can count the number of lines of pixelsalong the length of the scanned item 800 between row marks forming alateral pair. In some embodiments, the pair counter can be triggered andcan then be incremented for each subsequently received set of line datathat does not include a row mark completing a lateral pair with theidentified row mark triggering the counter. After the pair counter hasbeen triggered, the process 1000 returns to block 1006, and proceeds asoutlined above.

Returning again to decision state 1016, if it is determined that the rowmark identified in decision state 1014 completes a lateral pair, thenthe process 1000 proceeds to block 1020, wherein the count value isdetermined. In some embodiments, the count value can be the value of thepair counter at the time that the row mark completing the lateral pairwas identified.

After the count value has been determined, the process 1000 proceeds todecision state 1022, wherein it is determined if there is excessive skewin the scanned data. In some embodiments, this can include retrieving askew threshold form the threshold database 310. In some embodiments,this skew threshold can delineate between acceptable and unacceptableskew levels. In some embodiments, and as used herein “skew” identifiesor characterizes the separation along the length of the scanned itembetween row marks forming the lateral pair of row marks. In someembodiments, the skew can specifically identify or characterize thenumber of lines of pixels separating, along the length of the scanneditem 800, row marks forming the lateral pair of row marks.

After the skew threshold has been received, the skew threshold can becompared to the count value to determine if the skew is acceptable orunacceptable. In some embodiments, the skew is acceptable when thenumber of lines of pixels separating the row marks forming the lateralpair is less than the skew threshold. In some embodiments, the skew isunacceptable when the number of lines of pixels separating the row marksforming the lateral pair is greater than the skew threshold. If it isdetermined that the skew is acceptable, or in other words, that there isnot excess skew, then the process 1000 proceeds to block 1024, whereinbuffer data is output. In some embodiments, the output buffer datacomprise the one or several sets of line data containing the rowidentified by the row marks forming the lateral pair. In someembodiments, the buffer data can be output from the control unit 704 tothe server 102. In some embodiments, the server 102 can generate imagedata from the received buffer output and can store the image data in oneof the databases 104.

Returning again to decision state 1022, if it is determined that thereis excess skew, then the process 1000 proceeds to block 1026, whereinskewless data is generated. In some embodiments, the skewless data canbe generated by forming replacement sets of line data from the datacontained in the buffer. In some embodiments, these replacement sets ofline data can be generated from the buffer data so as to eliminate orminimize skew. In some embodiments, a replacement set of line data canbe generated by identifying the row marks forming the lateral pair,identifying the pixels extending between the row marks forming thelateral pair, and selecting those identified pixels. In someembodiments, the skewless data can be generated by the control unit 704.

After the skewless data has been generated, the process 1000 proceeds toblock 1028, wherein the skewless data is outputted from the buffer. Insome embodiments, the skewless data can be outputted from the buffer tothe server 102. In some embodiments, the server 102 can generate imagedata from the received skewless data and can store the image data in oneof the databases 104.

With reference now to FIG. 11, a flowchart illustrating one embodimentof a process 1100 for imager exposure rate control is shown. In someembodiments, the process 1100 can provide dynamic control of imagerexposure rate to compensate for variability in feed rate of the feeddevice 706. In some embodiments, this can decrease maintenancerequirements of the feed device 706 and can allow the feed device 706 tooperate at higher speeds, thereby increasing throughput through thescanner 124.

The process 1100 can be performed by the scanner 124, and specificallyby the camera 702, the control unit 704, and the feed device 706 of thescanner 124. The process 1100 begins at block 1102 wherein line data isreceived. In some embodiments, the line data is received from the camera702 by the control unit 704.

After the line data has been received, the process 1100 proceeds toblock 1104 wherein it is determined if the line data is generated from ascanned item 800. In some embodiments, for example, the camera 702 maygenerate line data of the imaging area in response to the receivedcommand from the control unit 704 regardless of whether the scanned item800 is in the imaging area. Thus, in some embodiments, the line data maybe captured from the scanned item 800 or may not be captured from thescanned item 800. In some embodiments, the determination of whether theline data is captured from the scanned item 800 can be determined byevaluating one or several pixel properties such as, for example one orseveral pixel values of the pixels forming the line data in someembodiments, for example the imaging area may have a different colorthan the scanned item 800 such that pixel values of pixels generatedfrom the imaging area are different then pixel values of pixelsgenerated from the scanned item 800. In such embodiments, the presenceor absence of the scanned item 800 in the imaging area can be determinedby comparing pixel values from the received line data to pixel valuesfor the imaging area without the scanned item 800 and/or pixel valuesfor the imaging area with the scanned item 800.

If it is determined that the received line data is not generated fromthe scanned item 800, then the process 1100 returns to block 1102 andproceeds as outlined above. If it is determined that the received linedata is generated from the scanned item 800, then the process 1100proceeds to block 1106 wherein the received line data is normalized. Insome embodiments, the normalization of the line data can include theprocessing of the received line data to standardize line data. In someembodiments, for example, this can include the adjusting of one orseveral pixel values associated with some or all of the pixels of theline data. In some embodiments, for example, this can include adjustingpixel values to standardize or achieve a desired pixel color,brightness, contrast, or the like. This normalization can be performedby the control unit 704.

After the line data has been normalized, the process 1100 proceeds todecision state 1108 wherein it is determined if a row mark is identifiedin the line data. In some embodiments, the identification of the rowmark can be performed as outlined above in processes 900, 1000. If a rowmark is not identified, then the process 1100 proceeds to decision state1109, wherein it is determined if a prior row mark was identified. Insome embodiments, for example, a value indicative of the identificationof a row mark can be stored in memory associated with the control unitand/or one of the databases 104 such as the scan database 312. In suchembodiments, the existence of a prior row mark can be determined bydetermining the presence of the value indicative of the identified rowmark in the memory associated with the control unit 704.

If it is determined that there was no prior row mark, then the process1100 returns to block 1102 and proceeds as outlined above. If it isdetermined that there was a prior identified row mark, then the process1100 proceeds to block 1110, wherein a counter is incremented. In someembodiments, this counter can be started by the identification of aprevious row mark and can be incremented each time a set of line data isreceived until another row mark is identified. After the counter hasbeen incremented, the process 1100 can return to block 1102 and canproceed as outlined above.

Returning again to decision state 1108, if is determined that thereceived line data contains a row mark, then the process 1100 proceedsto block 1112, wherein a counter is started. In some embodiments, thiscounter can track the number of lines of pixels or the number of sets ofline data between adjacent row marks. Specifically, this counter can bestarted when a row mark is identified, and can be incremented for eachsubsequent received set of line data until a set of line data isreceived in which a new row mark is identified. Once the set of linedata has been received in which a new row mark has been identified, thecounter can be stopped.

After the counter has been started, the process 1100 proceeds todecision state 1114, wherein it is determined if there is a currentcounter. In some embodiments, the current counter can be a counterstarted with the identification of a previous row mark and that has notyet terminated by the finding of a subsequent row mark. In someembodiments, the determination of a current counter can includedetermining whether a previous row mark associated with the scanned item800 has been identified. If a current counter is not identified, thenthe process 1100 returns to block 1102, and proceeds as outlined above.

If a current counter is identified, then the process 1100 proceeds toblock 1116, wherein the current counter is stopped. After the currentcounter is stopped, the process 1100 proceeds to block 1118 whereinideal spacing data is received. In some embodiments, the ideal spacingdata can identify a desired number of sets of line data betweenconsecutive row marks. In some embodiments, the ideal spacing data canbe unique to the scanned item 800 and in some embodiments, the idealspacing data can be applicable to a plurality of scanned items 800. Insome embodiments, the ideal spacing data can be received and/orretrieved from the scan database 312 and/or from memory associated withthe control unit 704.

After the ideal spacing data has been received, the process 1100proceeds to block 1120 wherein the delta value characterizing thedifference between the current counter value and the ideal spacing datais generated. In some embodiments, this delta value can be generated bydetermining the difference between the current counter value and theideal spacing data. In some embodiments, the delta value can be positivewhen the counter value is greater than the ideal spacing data and thedelta value can be negative when the counter value is less than theideal spacing data. In some embodiments, the delta value indicates thenumber of lines of pixels between consecutive row marks that exceed theideal spacing data or that are less than the ideal spacing data. Thedelta value can be stored in memory associated with the control unit 704and/or in one of the databases 104 such as the scan database 312.

After the delta value has been determined, the process 1100 proceeds toblock 1122 when the delta value is compared to a threshold value. Insome embodiments, the threshold value can delineate between satisfactorydelta values and unsatisfactory delta values, and more specifically candelineate between instances in which to many lines of pixels aregenerated between row marks and the desired number of lines of pixelsare generated between row marks and/or instances in which to few linesof pixels are generated between row marks and the desired number ofpixels are generated between row marks. In some embodiments, thethreshold value can comprise a first threshold delineating between toofew lines of pixels between row marks and a satisfactory number of linesof pixels between row marks, and a second threshold delineating betweentoo many lines of pixels between row marks and a satisfactory number oflines of pixels between row marks. The threshold value can be receivedand/or retrieved from the threshold database 311 and can be compared tothe delta value by the control unit 704. In some embodiments, a firstvalue can be associated with the delta value if the comparison of thedelta value to threshold indicates that too few lines of pixels weregenerated between row marks, a second value can be associated with thedelta value if the comparison of the delta value to the thresholdindicates that too many lines of pixels were generated between rowmarks, and the third value can be associated with the delta value if thecomparison of the delta value to the threshold indicates a satisfactorynumber of lines of pixels were generated between row marks.

After the delta value has been compared to the threshold, the process1100 proceeds to decision state 1124 wherein it is determined if thethreshold is exceeded in that there are either too few or too many linesof pixels between row marks. In some embodiments, this can includedetermining whether the first, second, or third value was associatedwith the delta value. If one of the first or second values is associatedwith the delta value, then the threshold is exceeded in the process 1100proceeds to block 1126 wherein a variable component is adjusted. In someembodiments, the variable component can be increased when too many setsof line data or too many lines of pixels were captured betweenconsecutive row marks, and in some embodiments, the variable componentcan be decreased when too few sets of line data or too few lines ofpixels were captured between consecutive row marks. In some embodiments,the degree to which variable component is changed can vary based on thedegree to which too many, or too few sets of line data or lines ofpixels were captured between consecutive row marks.

After the variable component has been adjusted, or returning again todecision state 1124, if the threshold is not exceeded, the process 1100proceeds to block 1128, wherein the divisor is generated. In someembodiments, the divisor can be generated by adding the variablecomponent to any other components forming the divisor. These othercomponents can include, for example, a fixed component set by a user ofthe scanner 124.

After the divisor has been generated, the process 1100 proceeds to block1130, wherein the clock signal is received. In some embodiments, theclock signal comprises a plurality of signals establishing a clockfrequency. The clock signal can be received from the clock by othercomponents of the control unit 704, and particularly can be received bythe divider.

After the clock signal has been received, the process 1100 proceeds toblock 1132, wherein the line rate is generated. In some embodiments, theline rate can be generated by dividing the clock frequency by thedivisor with the divider circuit. After the line rate has beengenerated, the process 1100 proceeds to block 1134, wherein the capturesignal is generated and/or sent. The capture signal can be generated bythe control unit 704 and can be based on the line rate. The capturesignal can be sent by the control unit 704 to the camera 702.

A number of variations and modifications of the disclosed embodimentscan also be used. Specific details are given in the above description toprovide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it isunderstood that the embodiments may be practiced without these specificdetails. For example, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms,structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail inorder to avoid obscuring the embodiments.

Implementation of the techniques, blocks, steps and means describedabove may be done in various ways. For example, these techniques,blocks, steps and means may be implemented in hardware, software, or acombination thereof. For a hardware implementation, the processing unitsmay be implemented within one or more application specific integratedcircuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signalprocessing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), fieldprogrammable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers,micro-controllers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed toperform the functions described above, and/or a combination thereof.

Also, it is noted that the embodiments may be described as a processwhich is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a swim diagram, a dataflow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although adepiction may describe the operations as a sequential process, many ofthe operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. Inaddition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process isterminated when its operations are completed, but could have additionalsteps not included in the figure. A process may correspond to a method,a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a processcorresponds to a function, its termination corresponds to a return ofthe function to the calling function or the main function.

Furthermore, embodiments may be implemented by hardware, software,scripting languages, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardwaredescription languages, and/or any combination thereof. When implementedin software, firmware, middleware, scripting language, and/or microcode,the program code or code segments to perform the necessary tasks may bestored in a machine readable medium such as a storage medium. A codesegment or machine-executable instruction may represent a procedure, afunction, a subprogram, a program, a routine, a subroutine, a module, asoftware package, a script, a class, or any combination of instructions,data structures, and/or program statements. A code segment may becoupled to another code segment or a hardware circuit by passing and/orreceiving information, data, arguments, parameters, and/or memorycontents. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc. may be passed,forwarded, or transmitted via any suitable means including memorysharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission, etc.

For a firmware and/or software implementation, the methodologies may beimplemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) thatperform the functions described herein. Any machine-readable mediumtangibly embodying instructions may be used in implementing themethodologies described herein. For example, software codes may bestored in a memory. Memory may be implemented within the processor orexternal to the processor. As used herein the term “memory” refers toany type of long term, short term, volatile, nonvolatile, or otherstorage medium and is not to be limited to any particular type of memoryor number of memories, or type of media upon which memory is stored.

Moreover, as disclosed herein, the term “storage medium” may representone or more memories for storing data, including read only memory (ROM),random access memory (RAM), magnetic RAM, core memory, magnetic diskstorage mediums, optical storage mediums, flash memory devices and/orother machine readable mediums for storing information. The term“machine-readable medium” includes, but is not limited to portable orfixed storage devices, optical storage devices, and/or various otherstorage mediums capable of storing that contain or carry instruction(s)and/or data.

While the principles of the disclosure have been described above inconnection with specific apparatuses and methods, it is to be clearlyunderstood that this description is made only by way of example and notas limitation on the scope of the disclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system for compensating for growth in a scanneditem, wherein the scanned item comprises a plurality of row markscomprising a first group of row marks and a second group of row marks,wherein the row marks are regularly spaced along at least part of alength of the scanned item, the system comprising: a scanner comprising:a line scan camera configured to generate a plurality of sets of linedata each comprising a line of pixels of a portion of the scanned itemin an imaging area; a control unit communicatingly connected to the linescan camera; and a feed device coupled to the line scan camera andconfigured to move at least a portion of the scanned item through theimaging area; wherein the control unit is configured to: identify one ofa first group of row marks, wherein the first group of row marks islocated along a first side of the scanned item; identify one of a secondgroup of row marks, wherein the second group of row marks is locatedalong a second side of the scanned item; generate for the sets of linedata corrected response area positions based on the identified one ofthe first group of row marks and the identified one of the second groupof row marks; and send the sets of line data and the corrected responsearea positions to a content management server communicatingly linked tothe scanner; and the content management server communicatingly linked tothe scanner, wherein the content management server is configured to:sequentially receive lines of pixels from the line scan camera; andgenerate image data with the received lines of pixels.
 2. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the control unit is configured to determine distancebetween the identified one of the first group of row marks and theidentified one of the second group of row marks.
 3. The system of claim2, wherein the distance between the identified one of the first group ofrow marks and the identified one of the second group of row markscomprises a number of pixels between the identified one of the firstgroup of row marks and the identified one of the second group of rowmarks.
 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the control unit is configuredto: retrieve a standard count value, wherein the standard count valuedefines an expected distance between the identified one of the firstgroup of row marks and the identified one of the second group of rowmarks; and compare the number of pixels between the identified one ofthe first group of row marks and the identified one of the second groupof row marks to the standard count value.
 5. The system of claim 4,wherein the control unit is configured to generate an error value basedon the comparison of the number of pixels between the identified one ofthe first group of row marks and the identified one of the second groupof row marks to the standard count value.
 6. The system of claim 5,wherein generating a corrected response area positions comprises:retrieving standard response area positions; and applying the errorvalue to the standard response area positions.
 7. The system of claim 6,wherein the control unit is configured to identify at least one responsein at least one of the corrected response area positions.
 8. The systemof claim 1, wherein the image data comprises a combination of multiplelines of pixels into a single image.
 9. The system of claim 8, furthercomprising a scan database configured to: receive the image data fromthe server; and store the received image data.
 10. The system of claim9, wherein identifying one of the first group of row marks comprisesidentifying a first contiguous group of pixels in at least twoconsecutive lines of pixels, wherein the first contiguous group ofpixels: is located in a specified first portion of the pixels in each ofthe at least two consecutive lines of pixels; and includes a specifiednumber of pixels in each of the at least two consecutive lines ofpixels.
 11. The system of claim 10, wherein identifying one of thesecond group of row marks comprises identifying a second contiguousgroup of pixels in at least two consecutive lines of pixels, wherein thesecond contiguous group of pixels: is located in a specified secondportion of the pixels in each of the at least two consecutive lines ofpixels; and includes a specified number of pixels in each of the atleast two consecutive lines of pixels.
 12. The system of claim 1,wherein the control unit is configured to: receive a first set of linedata from the line scan camera, wherein the one of the first group ofrow marks is identified in the first set of line data; update a bufferto include the first set of line data; receive subsequent sets of linedata from the line scan camera; determine that one of a second group ofrow marks is not found in the subsequent sets of line data; update thebuffer to include the subsequent sets of line data; receive a third setof line data from the line scan camera, wherein the one of the secondgroup of row marks is identified in the third set of line data;determine excess skew based on the number of sets of line data betweenthe first set of line data and the third set of line data; and generateskewless data from the line data contained in the buffer.
 13. A methodfor compensating for growth in a scanned item, wherein the scanned itemcomprises a plurality of row marks comprising a first group of row marksand a second group of row marks, wherein the row marks are regularlyspaced along at least part of a length of the scanned item, the methodcomprising: controlling a feed device of a scanner to move at least aportion of the scanned item through an imaging area of a line scancamera, wherein the feed device is coupled to the line scan camera;controlling the line scan camera of the scanner to repeatedly generate aset of line data of the portion of the scanned item in the imaging area,wherein the set of line data comprises a line of pixels, and wherein theportion of the scanned item from which the set of line data is generatedchanges with movement of the portion of the scanned item through theimaging area; identifying one of a first group of row marks with acontrol unit of the scanner, wherein the first group of row marks islocated along a first side of the scanned item; identifying one of asecond group of row marks with the control unit, wherein the secondgroup of row marks is located along a second side of the scanned item;generating for the set of line data corrected response area positionsbased on the identified one of the first group of row marks and theidentified one of the second group of row marks with the control unit ofthe scanner; and sending the set of line data and the corrected responsearea positions to a content management server communicatingly linked tothe control unit, wherein the content management server is configuredto: receive lines of pixels from the line scan camera; and generateimage data with the received lines of pixels.
 14. The method of claim13, further comprising determining a distance between the identified oneof the first group of row marks and the identified one of the secondgroup of row marks with the control unit.
 15. The method of claim 14,wherein the distance between the identified one of the first group ofrow marks and the identified one of the second group of row markscomprises a number of pixels between the identified one of the firstgroup of row marks and the identified one of the second group of rowmarks.
 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising: retrieving astandard count value, wherein the standard count value defines anexpected distance between the identified one of the first group of rowmarks and the identified one of the second group of row marks; andcomparing the number of pixels between the identified one of the firstgroup of row marks and the identified one of the second group of rowmarks to the standard count value.
 17. The method of claim 16, furthercomprising generating an error value based on the comparison of thenumber of pixels between the identified one of the first group of rowmarks and the identified one of the second group of row marks to thestandard count value.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein generating acorrected response area positions comprises: retrieving standardresponse area positions; and applying the error value to the standardresponse area positions.
 19. The method of claim 18, further comprisingidentifying at least one response in at least one of the correctedresponse area positions.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein identifyingone of the first group of row marks comprises identifying a firstcontiguous group of pixels in at least two consecutive lines of pixels,wherein the first contiguous group of pixels: is located in a specifiedfirst portion of the pixels in each of the at least two consecutivelines of pixels; and includes a specified number of pixels in each ofthe at least two consecutive lines of pixels.